Monitoring and managing high blood pressure and
pre-eclampsia in pregnancy

Hypertension in pregnancy (Gestational Hypertension) is high blood pressure that starts after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Not all pregnancy hypertension becomes pre-eclampsia. 

Pre-eclampsia is a potentially serious condition that can also develop after the 20th week of pregnancy, and is characterised by high blood pressure and the presence of protein in the urine. It occurs when blood vessels in the placenta do not function as they should, reducing blood flow and oxygen supply to both mother and baby.

The condition can place significant strain on the mother’s heart, liver, and kidneys, and in severe cases may lead to organ damage, seizures, or blood clotting disorders. For the baby, reduced placental blood flow can limit oxygen and nutrient delivery, leading to restricted growth or other complications.

Common warning signs include persistent headaches, changes in vision, swelling of the face or hands, sudden weight gain, or pain in the upper abdomen. Because symptoms can progress rapidly, any of these changes should prompt immediate medical assessment.

Management of pre-eclampsia depends on the severity and timing of the diagnosis. Close monitoring, rest, and medication may help stabilise blood pressure in mild cases. In more severe instances, early delivery of the baby and placenta may be required, as this is the only definitive treatment.

After birth, symptoms usually resolve as the mother’s blood pressure returns to normal, though continued follow-up is important. With early detection and appropriate care, most women go on to recover fully and deliver healthy babies.